| Brookesia minima | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Lacertilia |
| Family: | Chamaeleonidae |
| Genus: | Brookesia |
| Species: | B. minima |
| Binomial name | |
| Brookesia minima Boettger, 1893 |
|
Brookesia minima, (common names of which include the Dwarf Chameleon, the Madagascan Dwarf Chameleon,[1] the Minute Leaf Chameleon,[2] the Pygmy Leaf Chameleon,[3] the Nosy Be Pygmy Leaf Chameleon, and the Tiny Ground Chameleon[4][5]), is a diminutive chameleon "often said to be the smallest"[6] or "probably the smallest"[7] of the Chamaeleonidae.
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B. minima is endemic to Nosy Be, an island located just off the northwest coast of Madagascar, but has extralimital distribution to Manongarivo Reserve on Madagascar's northwest coast.[6]
B. minima adults have flattened heads and an orbital crest with large scales forming triangular plates above their eyes. Along their backs are two rows of granular protrusions. B. minima specimens sometimes have lateral yellow stripes over their basic drab grayish-brown color. The maximum total length is 3.4 cm (1.3 in) for females and 2.8 cm (1.1 in) for males.[8] Males are also more slender than females, and exhibit a hemipenial bulge at the base of their tails. They are often considered the smallest Chamaeleonidae but other members of genus Brookesia may be even smaller (and undescribed species are likely to exist).[6][8]
B. minima is native to the rain forests of its native island. It has a relatively active habit for a chameleon and likes moving around in the low branches and leaf litter of its native rain forests. Though they are moderately aggressive towards another, population densities in the wild may approach one animal per square meter.[6]
It is not known how frequently B. minima reproduce, but a typical clutch contains two eggs.[6]
Few successful examples of captive breeding have been reported. Because B. minima are somewhat territorial, individual housing is recommended even for very young specimens. Their terrarium or other "glass enclosures of at least 16" x 16" x 16" (16"=~40 cm)"[6] should have a substrate of leaf litter or soil. As they prefer to stay close to the ground, the horizontal dimensions of their habit are more important than its height. B. minima eggs are tiny and difficult to locate; some breeders prefer to leave them in their enclosure until hatching.[6]
B. minima has been characterized as belonging to a species group with other Madagascan Dwarf Chameleons such as B. dentata, B. tuberculata, and other new or unidentified species such as a recently described chameleon from Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve.[6]
A 1999 paper in the Journal of Zoology disputed a 1995 paper which considered B. tuberculata and B. peyrierasiand to be the same species as B. minima. The later paper discussed the same details as the first—subtle morphological differences in the hemipenises of the respective species—and determined they were heterospecific. They also found differences in the arrangement of head crests and in minute spines above the eyes.[1][7]